交通运输与区域经济发展耦合研究综述

为全面掌握交通运输与区域社会经济发展国内外研究现状,关键技术以及主要学术成果、结论。本文从Web of Science数据库和CNKI数据库中选取近20年的文献,借助文献可视化软件VOSviewer对所有文献进行分析。结果表明美国、德国、法国在此方面研究起步较早;研究热点主要围绕交通运输与区域经济的协同发展、产业结构、产业集聚、耦合协调模型等方面展开。未来研究应结合大数据分析,聚焦具体区域交通运输与社会经济间耦合协调度,促进交通运输与区域经济协调发展。     

Effect of seaweed proliferation on benthic habitat quality assessed by Sediment Profile Imaging

Changes in sediment quality, with special reference to benthic habitat conditions resulting from macroalgae overgrowth, were studied in the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Data were collected biweekly in spring and summer from 1993 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2002, as part of the macroalgae growth control strategies managed by the Venice Water Authority-Consorzio Venezia Nuova. Benthic habitat conditions were studied by means of Sediment Profile Imaging, which allowed the collection of several variables: aRPD (apparent redox potential discontinuity), prism penetration depth, presence of anoxia on the surface of the sediment, presence of reduced gas bubbles, stage of benthic colonization. All these variables led to the calculation of an environmental index (Organism–Sediment Index, OSI), which was then related to physical variables and macroalgae abundance. Until 1996, the overall benthic habitat of the Venice Lagoon showed almost stressed conditions; from 1997, the seaweed biomass rapidly declined and the OSI increased significantly. The OSI seemed to be affected by seaweed biomass, sediment compactness and water depth. Macroalgae biomass greater than 4.5 kg/m² led to the complete disappearance of stage III of benthic colonization; values as low as 0.70 kg m² already had a severe impact on recolonization. SPI attributes indicated the main mechanisms that could have contributed to the benthic quality: seaweed proliferation is often followed by rapid decay of macroalgae biomass, especially when present in large amounts. The decrease in seaweed biomass often results in oxygen depletion in the water column and thus in the sediment, preventing complete benthic colonization. This research confirms the importance of in situ rapid reconnaissance surveys to assess the impact of eutrophication on the benthic habitat.     

西安地铁2号线行政中心站空间设计探究

随着国内地铁建设的快速发展,地铁站的空间设计显得越来越重要。以西安地铁2号线行政中心站的空间设计为例,通过对行政中心站所处的城市环境、功能分区以及空间构成特点的分析和研究,提出地铁空间的合理设计,需要在充分满足功能的基础上,有效利用公共空间的界面、导向、灯光等元素来展示地域文化特色。这样不仅能提升地铁站的空间品质、突出空间的可读性,更能带给乘客丰富的乘车体验和地域感受。对国内地铁的建设有着积极的借鉴意义。     

皮口至炮台高速公路工程地质特征

结合皮炮高速公路路线勘察地质资料，对线路区内的区域工程地质条件、工程地质分区等工程地质特征进行了概略性介绍。     

自适应指数平滑模型预测区域经济研究

三次指数平滑法预测区域经济时，平滑参数为一常量，这与实际不符，容易使预测结果误差偏大，甚至严重失真。本文在深入剖析指数平滑模型缺陷的基础上，对其进行改进，建立了自适应指数平滑模型。实践证明，该模型能够更好地反映区域经济发展的动态特性，提高预测的精度。     

轨道交通区域快线车辆检修修程研究

随着城市轨道交通发展,区域快线对车辆日常维护检修提出新的要求,科学合理的车辆检修标准既能提高列车可靠性和投运率,同时可以避免过度修,节约资源。通过对车辆检修修程的影响因素及目前国内主要轨道交通日常维护及检修修程进行研究,结合在建区域快线项目的特点,提出区域快线车辆检修修程研究成果,为区域快线的建设提供理论依据。     

Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.     

区域经济分析与地方公路交通量预测分析

论述区域经济分析过程中的注意要点,介绍经济发展的预测方法,阐述交通量与区域经济之间的相关性及几种模型的应用。     

共享汽车区域网点选址优化研究

随着互联网和共享经济的快速发展,共享汽车在中国城市内得到快速推广使用。本文首先分析了共享新能源汽车网点选址、车辆调度等问题的影响因素。其次介绍了选址及调度模型的相关变量、目标函数、模型的相关约束及遗传算法。最后以武汉市汉阳区为例阐述了共享汽车备选网点的选择要求,并结合实际共享汽车公司的现有网点进行分析和备选网点优化,最终通过算法程序选择出最优解的备选网点。     

Strategic considerations behind the network–regional airline tie ups – A theoretical and empirical study

The paper examines the strategic vertical relationship between network and regional airlines. We develop a model to illustrate how network airlines can use the contractual relationship with regional airlines as an efficient tool to simultaneously drive out inefficient network airlines and also accommodate other cost efficient network airlines in any specific market. The model is tested on U.S. data using simultaneous and sequential choice models. We find that market size, cost differences between network airlines, as well as cost differences between network and regional airlines, are the chief determinants of the network airlines’ decisions on whether or not to serve a market with their own fleet, as well as how many regional airlines to contract with.